Hong Kong bookseller Gui Minhai has been found guilty of providing intelligence overseas, almost five years after he was first detained by Chinese authorities.
Gui was sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment and deprivation of political rights for five years by a Chinese court on Monday.
A statement by the Intermediate People's Court of Ningbo said Gui would not appeal at the end of the trial.
Gui, a Swedish national, ran Causeway Bay Books in Hong Kong " an outlet known for selling gossipy titles about Chinese Communist Party officials.
He was one of five booksellers who disappeared in 2015. The Monday court statement also said Gui "agreed to restore his Chinese citizenship" in 2018, a move Beijing could use to deny him consular assistance from European diplomats.
The case against Gui was one of the most controversial brought by Chinese authorities in recent years.
Gui went missing from Thailand and, along with the four other booksellers, eventually reappeared in mainland China.
Under custody, he then told state television that he "turned himself in" for a 2003 hit-and-run case in Ningbo, where he used to live.
After serving his sentence for the hit-and-run case, Gui was released in 2017, but was kept under close surveillance in China.
He was arrested again by Chinese authorities on a train going to Beijing, while he was in the company of Swedish diplomats.
Beijing's draconian treatment of Gui drew a backlash from Sweden, as well as from the European Union.
In December, Sweden's former ambassador to China, Anna Lindstedt, was indicted by Swedish prosecutors for exceeding her authority during negotiations with a foreign power. She was accused of setting up an unauthorized meeting between Angela Gui, the bookseller's daughter, and Chinese businessmen in Stockholm in January 2019 in an attempt to negotiate his release.
Bei Ling, a long-time friend of Gui, said he did not believe his friend had received a fair trial in mainland China. He also said he suspected the "intelligence" Gui was accused of providing overseas was the detail of how he was kidnapped by Chinese agents in Thailand and brought to the mainland.
"What intelligence can he possibly have? He has been under surveillance by the Chinese government all the time and had his movements restricted," Bei said. "The only intelligence is how he was abducted by Chinese agents from Thailand."
Bei urged the Swedish government to give a full account of how Gui was snatched from a Beijing-bound train in 2018, while accompanied by two Swedish diplomats.
Bei said he did not believe Gui would have his Chinese nationality restored after the ordeal he had been through on the mainland. "I believe he was asked to do so," Bei said.
It remains unclear if Gui has given up his Swedish citizenship, although in 2018 he said he might consider doing so.
Under Chinese rules, anyone who wants to restore Chinese nationality must, among other requirements, submit a copy of their foreign passport and proof of prior Chinese nationality.
Gui's publishing associate, Lam Wing-kee, earlier accused Chinese agents of kidnapping him while he was crossing the border from Hong Kong to Shenzhen in 2015. He was detained and put through eight months of "mental torture."
Lam was later allowed to return to Hong Kong, he said, because Chinese interrogators wanted him to bring back a hard disk containing more information about the bookstore's mainland customers. He did not return to the mainland and has since moved to Taiwan to open up a bookshop.
"I believe they want to use the trial (of Gui) to warn others against doing anything which may be found unacceptable by the Chinese authorities. Also, they want to send out the message that they won't let go of their control of Hong Kong, even during a critical time when they need to spend a great deal of time and effort in tackling the coronavirus outbreak."
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